美国关于身份盗窃的案件连年飙升，犯罪分子利用这些个人消息造成了上百亿的损失，而这种传统的身份盗窃只是骗子的手段之一。有的不法分子还会直接联系当事人，操纵对方进行交易。
身份盗窃（Identity Theft）是指他人未经允许，使用你的个人身份信息实施欺诈，例如冒名申请信用卡、贷款、开设银行帐户、提交虚假报税表，甚至盗用医疗保险信息。身份盗窃并不局限于开设新帐户，也可能涉及盗用现有帐户或其他身份冒用行为。
所以说，遇上这种事真的很揪心！一个不注意，不仅卡里余额被偷光光，甚至还可能背上贷款、被迫卷进违法骗局。如果你真的不幸遇到了这种倒楣事，请一定要引起注意，并遵照官方给出的这些步骤操作，以免给自己带来大麻烦。
*这份清单将帮助受害者“清理”自己的记录，并告诉你接下来该采取的行动，去最小化小偷造成的影响。
一旦身份被盗，这10个步骤可以将伤害值降到最低
- 使用身份盗窃保险去申请索赔
- 将身份被盗一事通知银行
- 向FTC提交报告
- 联系当地警局
- 在信用报告上设置欺诈警报
- 信贷冻结
- 注册一个信用监测服务
- 加强帐户安全
- 检查信用报告，寻找神秘帐户
- 查看信用卡和银行对账单，找到未授权的交易
将身份被盗一事通知各大机构（IRS、保险公司等）
不要等到真的发生了大额的欺诈交易才通知你的银行，立刻打电话提醒他们注意这个问题。在帐户被盗的情况下，你的信用卡号码可能已经泄露，但小偷无法获取你的其他个人消息。这种情况很简单，直接让他们关闭帐户就可以了。但如果有人以你的名义开了户，冒充你或用了你的SSN，你还需要主动联系其他公司和机构。比如你发现SSN被他人用于虚假报税，应根据IRS的官方指引处理。部分受害者需要提交Form 14039（Identity Theft Affidavit），但如果已经按照IRS通知完成身份验证等进程，通常不需要重复提交。此外，可以申请免费的IRS Identity Protection PIN（IP PIN），防止他人冒用SSN提交联邦个人所得税申报表。
*2026更新 | 根据CFPB于2026年8月更新的说明，借记卡丢失或被盗后，如果在发现后的两个工作日内通知银行，对于适用的未经授权交易，消费者的最高责任通常不超过$50美元。如果超过两个工作日才通知，责任可能增加至$500美元。另外，对于银行对账单中出现的未经授权电子转帐，通常应该在银行发出相关对账单后的60天内报告，否则可能需要承担之后发生的部分损失。具体责任还取决于资金如何被转走，以及消费者何时发现和报告问题。因此，发现帐户出现不明交易时，越早联系银行越好，不要等到月底才检查对账单。
向三大信用局举报可能的欺诈行为
你可以通过拨打下面的这几个免费电话，向三大主要信用机构报告身份盗窃的相关事件。接通电话后，系统会要求你输入SSN和其他消息来确认身份。这个自动的电话系统可以让你在三大信用机构都标记欺诈警报，有助于防止小偷以你的名义开设新帐户。普通欺诈警报（Initial Fraud Alert）有效期为1年，可以免费续期。如果已经确认身份遭到盗窃，并提供符合要求的身份盗窃报告，还可以申请有效期为7年的延长欺诈警报（Extended Fraud Alert）。
- Experian：1-888-397-3742（官网https://www.experian.com/fraud/center.html）
- Equifax：1-800-685-1111（官网https://www.equifax.com/personal/credit-report-services/credit-fraud-alerts/）
- TransUnion LLC：1-888-909-8872（官网https://www.transunion.com）
👉🏻设置欺诈警报只需联系其中一家，该机构会通知另外两家。
向警方报案
根据加州法律，你可以向当地警局报告身份盗窃事件，并让警察出具一份身份盗窃的相关报告，记得提供尽可能多的关于盗窃案的细节。一种是提供你的信用报告的复印件，删除其他与身份盗窃无关的东西。把你收集到的新证据都交给警方，然后获取报告的复印件，并交给信用机构。（更多消息可以戳官网了解）
索要有关欺诈帐户的数据
当你向警方提交身份盗窃的报告时，警方可能会给你一些表格，用来向信用机构、公用事业公司或手机运营商索取客户消息。当你写信给小偷用来开户或申请帐户的金融机构时，记得把表格的复印件和警方报告的复印件一起寄过去。然后把你从金融机构那里拿到的数据再交给调查你案件的执法人员。
打电话给信用机构
给信用机构打电话，询问骗子开过或使用过的任何帐户，记得找安全或欺诈部门。除了信用机构，你还可以打电话给信用卡公司、其他贷方、电话公司、其他公用事业公司等。告诉他们你是身份盗窃的受害者，请他们不要让你为骗子新开的帐户负责。
如果你现有的信用帐户被盗用，记得要求银行关闭这些帐户，并报告给信用机构“closed at customer’s request”。如果你刚开一个新帐户，把它设置成需要密码或人脸识别才能使用，不要用你的名字或是SSN的后四位去做密码。
仔细检查你的信用报告
当你收到信用报告的时候，一定要仔细阅读，看看有没有你不认识的帐户和交易。一旦发现不对劲，立刻拨打信用报告中列出的电话号码，告诉他们你想屏蔽或删除的任何消息，并向警方提交一份身份盗用的报告。
写信给信用机构
给每个信用机构写一封信，重复你在电话里所说的内容。将警方报告和完整的身份盗窃宣誓书的复印件一起寄过去，并提醒他们必须屏蔽或删除的消息。记得用挂号信寄送并要求回执，每封信都要保留一份复印件。
- Equifax：P.O. Box 105069, Atlanta, GA 30348-5069
- Experian：P.O. Box 9554, Allen, TX 75013
- TransUnion LLC：Fraud Victim Assistance Department, P.O. Box 2000, Chester, PA 19016
考虑信贷冻结
防止用你的名义去开设一个新帐户的最有效方法就是信贷冻结Credit Freeze，信用冻结可以限制潜在贷款机构访问你的信用报告，从而降低骗子冒用你的身份申请信用卡或贷款的风险。信用冻结完全免费，不影响信用评分，需要分别向三大信用局申请，也可以随时申请暂时解除。
注册信用监测服务
如果你的消息被泄露，你可能会获得免费的信用监测服务。这些服务会监视信用报告中的可疑活动，并在开设新帐户时发送警报。市面上有免费及付费的信用监测服务，例如Credit Karma、Capital One CreditWise等提供免费信用监测功能，而部分身份保护服务则采用付费订阅模式。不过，信用监测只能帮助发现异常，并不能代替信用冻结。
要求信用局屏蔽身份盗窃信息
【Date】
【Your Name】
【Your Address】
【Your City, State, Zip Code】
(Write to each relevant credit reporting agency, one at a time:)
Equifax
P.O. Box 105069
Atlanta, GA 30348-5069
OR
Experian
P.O. Box 9554
Allen, TX 75013
OR
TransUnion
Fraud Victim Assistance Department
P.O. Box 2000
Chester, PA 19016
[RE: Your Account Number (if known)]
Dear Sir or Madam:
I am a victim of identity theft. The information listed below, which appears on my credit report, does not relate to any transaction(s) that I have made. It is the result of identity theft.
[Identify item(s) resulting from the identity theft that should be blocked, by name of the source, such as the credit card issuer or bank, and type of item, such as credit account, checking account, etc.]
Please block this information from my credit report, pursuant to section 605B of the Fair Credit Reporting Act, and send the required notifications to all furnishers of this information.
Enclosed are the following:
- A copy of my credit report I received from your company. The fraudulent items are circled.
- A copy of my Identity Theft Report and proof of my identity.
- A copy of section 605B of the Fair Credit Reporting Act, which requires you to block the fraudulent information on my credit report resulting from identity theft within four business days and to promptly notify the furnisher(s) of that information.
I appreciate your prompt attention to this matter, and await your reply.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
Enclosures: [List what you are enclosing]
- Identity Theft Report
- Proof of identity: [a copy of my driver’s license/other government-issued identification card/other]
- Copy of Credit Report
- Fair Credit Reporting Act Section 605B [PDF]
银行帐户或信用卡发生未经授权交易
【Date】
【Your Name】
【Your Address】
【Your City, State, Zip Code】
【Name of Creditor】
【Fraud Department (companies may specify an address to receive fraud dispute letters), or Billing Inquiries Department】
【Address】
【City, State, Zip Code】
【RE: Your Account Number (if known)】
Dear Sir or Madam:
I am writing to dispute a fraudulent charge on my account in the amount of $______. I am a victim of identity theft, and I did not make or authorize this charge. I am requesting that the charge be removed, that any finance and other charges related to the fraudulent amount be credited, as well, and that I receive an accurate statement. This request is made pursuant to the Fair Credit Billing Act’s amendments to the Truth in Lending Act, 15 U.S.C. §§ 1666-1666b, 12 C.F.R. § 226.13. See also 12 C.F.R. § 226.12(b).
Enclosed are copies of [use this sentence to describe any enclosed information, such as sales slips, payment records] supporting my position. Please investigate this matter and correct the billing error as soon as possible.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
Enclosures:
- [List what you are enclosing.]
骗子冒用你的身份开设新帐户
【Date】
【Your Name】
【Your Address】
【Your City, State, Zip Code】
【Name of Company】
【Fraud Department (companies may specify an address to receive fraud dispute letters), or Billing Inquiries Department】
【Address】
【City, State, Zip Code】
【RE: Your Account Number (if known)】
Dear Sir or Madam:
I am a victim of identity theft. I recently learned that my personal information was used to open an account at your company. I did not open or authorize this account, and I therefore request that it be closed immediately. I also request that [Company Name] absolve me of all charges on the account, and that you take all appropriate steps to remove information about this account from my credit files.
Enclosed is a copy of my Identity Theft Report supporting my position, and a copy of my credit report showing the fraudulent items related to your company that are the result of identity theft. [Consumers should redact information that is unrelated to the dispute with this company.] Also enclosed is a copy of the CFPB’s Notice to Furnishers of Information, which details your responsibilities as an information furnisher to credit reporting agencies (CRAs). As a furnisher, upon receipt of a consumer’s written request that encloses an Identity Theft Report, you are required to cease furnishing the information resulting from identity theft to any CRA.
The Notice also specifies your responsibilities when you receive notice from a CRA, under section 605B of the Fair Credit Reporting Act, that information you provided to the CRA may be the result of identity theft. Those responsibilities include ceasing to provide the inaccurate information to any CRAs and ensuring that you do not attempt to sell or transfer the fraudulent debts to another party for collection.
Please investigate this matter, close the account and absolve me of all charges, take the steps required under the Fair Credit Reporting Act, and send me a letter explaining your findings and actions.
Sincerely,
【Your Name】
Enclosures: 【List what you are enclosing】
- Identity Theft Report
- Copy of Credit Report
- CFPB’s Notice to Furnishers of Information
